Basic English - учебное пособие

2) Say the sentences in English using embedded questions:

1. Чи не скажете, котра година?

2. Цікаво, де він був вчора.

3. Ви не знаєте, відмінили збори?

4. Скажіть, будь ласка, о котрій годині відправляється наступний потяг.

5. Цікаво, банк відчинений у неділю?

6. Ви не знаєте, він прийде на збори?

7. Чи не можете ви сказати, які питання будуть обговорюватися на зборах?

8. Цікаво, як ви отримали цю інформацію.

9. Цікаво, як вона проживає в цій країні?

10. Вибачте,я не знаю де знаходиться ця вулиця.

Lesson 14

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Electronic Mail

Did you ever have to go out in the rain to mail a letter that couldnt wait? Have you ever received a letter weeks late because it had been mysteriously `lost in the mail? If so, you will be very happy to know that electronic mail is here.

What exactly is electronic mail? Its just what youd imagine: the sending of messages electronically by computer. Heres how it works.

Suppose that you are a subscriber to the Source of CompuServe. You have ten friends who subscribe as well. A few months ago, you lent one of these friends a record. You want the record back, but you cant remember who has it. Using a microcomputer and a modem, you plug into the information services network of subscribers. Once you are on-line, you send the same message to all ten of your friends.

Your message is stored in your friends `electronic mailboxes. These mailboxes are nothing like those that are used by the U.S. Postal Service. They are simply storage locations in the information services computer system. When your friends come on-line, they will check to see if they have any mail. When they do, your message will appear on the screen.

Not all electronic mail delivery is tied to an information service like The Source or CompuServe. In fact, organizations already exist that specialize in delivering electronic mail. MCI Mail and EasyLink are two examples. Subscribers to these electronic-mail services can send messages around the world on their computer. In addition, the addressee doesnt even need a computer to receive mail through one of these services. Both will transmit a letter most of the distance electronically, then print and send it the rest of the distance either by mail or by courier.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Electronic mail; sending of messages electronically; subscriber; the record back; a modem; network of subscribers; electronic mailboxes; storage locations; come on-line; transmit a letter.

3. Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:

1. When he was young, Ron (bring) up by his grandparents. 2. While I was on holiday, my camera (steal). 3. Where (these photographs, take)? 4.All fights (cancel) because of fog. 5. I (accused) of stealing money. 6. I didnt realize that somebody was recording our conversation. I didnt realize our conversation (record). 7. When we entered the classroom the test (write) by the students. 8. When we got to the stadium, we found that the game (cancel).

4. Define which form of will or going to is correct in the following sentences:

1. I (go) to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too? 2. I think Jane (get) the job. She has a lot of experience. 3. I cant meet you this evening. A friend of mine (come) to see me. 4. - Have you decided where to go for your holiday? - Yes, we (visit) Italy. 5. Theres no need to be afraid of the dog. It (hurt) you. 6. Dont worry about your exam. Im sure you (pass) it. 7. Why dont you try on this jacket? It (look) nice on you. 8. You must meet Ann sometimes. I think you (like) her. 9. Its raining. Dont go out. You (get) wet. 10. I wonder what (happen).

5. Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

The United States of America

The USA is the name of the country composed of 50 states joined in a federal republic. It is one of the worlds largest countries (after Russia, Canada and China). It occupies the area over 9 mln square km and has a population of about 260 mln people. Representatives of different nationalities live there. English is the official language of the country.

The flag of the USA has 13 red and white stripes-representing the original 13 states - and 50 stars - for each of the 50 states of the country in our days. The capital of the country is Washington, named after the first president of the USA. The other largest cities are New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Los Angeles.

The USA is a highly developed industrial country. Among the most important manufacturing industries are aircraft, computer techniques - hardware and software, cars, television sets, furniture. Electronic and electric engineering, transport, communication can be found almost in all large cities of the USA.

The United States is a democracy. It means that the Constitution, laws and traditions of the USA give the people the right to decide who will be the leader of the nation, who will make the laws and what the laws will be. The Constitution guarantees individual freedom to all.

6. Language work:

1) Read the sentences and report what someone says using the necessary reporting verb: order, advise, encourage, remind, persuade, promise, apologize, refuse, deny, admit.

1. `Its really a very good job for you. a) They offered her a very good job.

Will you accept it?

2. `Well fix your computer in two days. b) They … to fix my computer in two days.

3. `Ill do it by all means. c) She … to do it by all means.

4. `Im sorry. Ive been rude to you. d) She … … … to me.

5. `I think you ought to go to the doctor. e) She … me to go to the doctor.

6. `You shouldnt be afraid to speak English. f) She … me to speak English.

7. `If you work hard, you will be a success. g) She … to work hard.

8. `I wont pay anymore. h) She … to pay me anymore.

9. `I will give you the sum of money. i) He … to give me the money.

10. `I didnt steal the money. j) He … … the money.

11. `I think Im wrong. k) He … … wrong.

12. `Your warranty is out of date. We cant l) They … to repair it free.

Repair it free.

Lesson 15

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Computers in Business, Industry and Agriculture

Computers have revolutionized the business world. As the cost of computer technology has decreased, more and more businesses have `gone computer. Computers are no longer limited to factories, banks, and big corporations. Small companies, retail stores, law firms, employment agencies, supermarkets, and even many farms now use computers. In fact, according to a recent study, now four out of every five workers use a computer as part of their job.

Computers in the office.

In large and small offices alike secretaries use word-processing to write letters and reports. Managers switch on their desktop computer to help them prepare spreadsheets and graphic displays. Accountants and bookkeepers use computer power to help them manage company finances.

Computer systems are used to manage company records, to send electronic mail, and to tie into data banks. Electronic networks link computer users who are located in the same building or across the country.

Computers serve a broad range of manufacturing purposes. For example, if you were a supervisor in a large factory, you might have a computerized control system to help you keep track of continuously running machinery.

Computers are also used to monitor the temperature and pressure of production processes. For example, in a chemical plant or power-generating station, computers may be connected to regulating devices. If the temperature or pressure rises or falls too much, the computer instantly signals the regulating device. The device then makes the needed adjustment-automatically.

2. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:

Revolutionize; computer technology; computers are no longer limited; according to a recent study; desktop computer; prepare spreadsheets; graphic displays; manage company records; electronic networks; control system.

3. Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:

1. I (bear) in Chicago. Where (you, bear)? 2. The police (give) the information after the accident (happen). 3. I (offer) the job but I refused it. 4. The men (pay) 1.000 to do the work. 5. Mrs. Johnson is very proud of her new grandson who (bear) last week. 6. My family live in Scotland but I (educate) in France. 7. The bridge (destroy) during the flood.

4. Translate into English:

1. Ти можеш мені допомогти з французьким перекладом? - Звичайно, я допоможу тобі. 2. Ти хочеш піти зі мною за покупками, я йду до торгового центру. 3. - Ким ти хочеш стати, коли виростеш? - Космонавтом. 4. - Хто хоче стерти з дошки? - Я зроблю це. 5. Подивись на ці чорні хмари. Буде дощ. 6. Мабуть, Том прийде о шостій вечора. 7. Я гадаю, Енн сподобається подарунок, який ми їй купили.

5. Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

English as a means of international communication

One of the reasons why a lot of people all over the world learn English is that English has taken the positions of the world language. It means that:

-750 million people all over the world use it;

-it has become the language of the planet;

-its the first truly global language;

-its the main language of business, sports, science;

-its one of the richest languages;

-there are many borrowings from English in other languages;

-three quarters of the worlds mail are in English;

-English is the worlds computer language.

6. Language work:

1) Translate into Ukrainian and pay attention at the infinitive used in the sentences:

1. To prolong doubt was to prolong hope.

2. To wash in icy water was awfully unpleasant.

3. To bring the experiment to an end they had to work the night through.

4. Tom opened the window to let the spring air in.

5. In order to see the performance better we will take opera glasses.

6. This Texan is difficult to understand.

7. Our house is easy to find.

8. This water isnt safe to drink.

9. He wasnt an interesting person to talk to.

10. The wanted man is believed to be living in New York.

2) Translate from Ukrainian into English using infinitive:

1. Здається, Джулія дуже зайнята сьогодні.

2. Сталося так, що у мене з собою недостатньо грошей.

3. Виявилось, ніхто не знає останніх новин.

4. Робота виявилась важчою, ніж ми очікували.

5. Здається, він втратив смак до життя.

6. Здається, Джек безробітний вже кілька місяців.

7. Виявилось, що містер Джонсон чесна людина.

8. Він точно намагатиметься уникнути розмови.

9. Дженіт, напевно, перекладе вину на когось іншого.

10. Навряд чи йому дали шанс.

Lesson 16

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Mainframes

Mainframes are the fastest computers, and use the largest storage system. As a result, they can solve more complex problems and handle more information than can any other category of computer. Mainframes are also the largest computers. Most of them are housed in several large cabinets.

Some mainframes do a single job, such as copying and storing the information generated by a laboratory experiment. Others perform many different tasks.

Hundreds of people may be logged on a large mainframe at the same time. Such users are said to be timesharing. In this situation, the mainframe appears to be processing information for all the users every instant. However, the computer is actually switching rapidly from program to program, doing a small amount of work on one, and then hurrying to another.

The fastest mainframes are called supercomputers. These machines are used for major projects, such as the design of aircraft, the study of weather system, and the design and analysis of drug molecules. Supercomputers are few in number because they are extremely expensive. Supercomputer users-mostly scientists and engineers at large scientific installations-sometimes run programs by means of long-distance telephone networks. The fastest supercomputers are parallel computers. They are fast because they have dozens or even hundreds of microprocessors that operate at the same time. Each processor works on a separate piece of a program. Minicomputers and super minis have many of the capabilities of mainframes, but they are smaller, less expensive, and less powerful.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Mainframes; the fastest computers; the largest storage system; handle more information; perform many different tasks; processing information; supercomputers; major projects; extremely expensive; parallel computers.

3. Translate into English:

1. Цей будинок збудовано в 1980 році. 2. У цій кімнаті вчора прибирали. 3. - Ти ходив на вечірку? - Ні, мене не запросили. 4. Спочатку книгу було написано французькою мовою, а потім перекладено іспанською. 5. Коли Рон був маленький, його виховували дідусь і бабуся. 6. Де було зроблено ці фотознімки. 7. Усі польоти відмінили через туман. 8. Я гадав, що наша розмова записується. 9. Я народився в Чикаго. А де народився ти? 10. Мені запропонували роботу, але я відмовився. 11. Їм заплатили за роботу 100 доларів. 12. Міст було зруйновано під час грози. 13. Скільки запитань тобі поставили під час іспиту? 14. Шлях закрили кілька днів тому. 15. Новий будинок купили за 100 тисяч доларів.

4. Translate into English:

1. - ти йдеш за покупками? - Так, я збираюся купити щось на вечерю. 2. - Алло! Можна поговорити із Джимом? - Я покличу його. 3. Не хвилюйся за лист, який ми загубили. Я впевнений, що ти знайдеш його. 4. Сьогодні ввечері я йду на вечірку. Підеш зі мною? 5. - Ви вже вирішили, куди поїдете у відпустку? - Так, ми збираємося поїхати до Англії. 6. Не хвилюйся за результати іспиту. Я впевнена, що ти його складеш. 7. Іде дощ. Не виходь, бо промокнеш.

5. Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

Environmental protection

Abilities and powers of man are increasing now. Technological progress allowed to use nuclear, chemical, laser, biological, and other machines and technologies instead of hand-operated and mechanical techniques. However, scientific and technological progress, as a rule, was separated from social progress. Such approach has let a man use the means negative consequences of which are globally destructive. 100 billion tons of minerals are mined annually, and more than 90% of them go in waste. Amount of oxygen, consumed by certain countries, already exceeds its manufacture by the plants of these countries. Tropical forests-main `lungs of the Earth-is more than 40% felled. The speed of its felling is more than 20 hectares per minute. Almost one thousand of species of animals and 25 thousand species of plants are now under the threat of extinction. Recently medicine has aced the problems of worsening natural ecological conditions, chronic stresses, reduction of immunity, change of nutrition ration, and many other factors, unknown by now. Felling forests, pollution of environment by industrial waste and automobiles have already caused global warmth on the planet. Misuse of pesticides, mineral fertilizers, water pollution, impact of Chernobyl accident on the people-this is not a complete list of the factors determining dangerous changes in human organism and growth of diseases and death rate. Man is now using permissive principle and its trying to take everything from his life today. Mankind has driven itself into a dead-end… However, we still have an exit from it. The quality of mans life is impossible without solving ecological problems: preservation of genetic fund of flora and fauna, preservation of clean and productive natural environments (atmosphere, hydrosphere, soils, and forests), preservation of ozone. Only having realized that the reason of the ecological crisis which burst in the 20 century was lack of unity of Man and Nature, civilization can achieve progress.

6. Language work:

1) Translate from Ukrainian into English using the infinitive:

1. Вона не чекала, що її син повернеться так рано.

2. Вони хотіли, щоб я взяла участь у дискусії.

3. Я не можу уявити тебе одягнутою в таку сукню.

4. Ми не хочемо примушувати тебе жити тут.

5. Ви винайдете новий метод.

6. Постарайтесь примусити його пояснити, що відбувається в домі.

7. Чарльз чекав, щоб двері відчинились.

8. Ми бачили, що шторм наближається дуже швидко.

9. Я чув, хтось грав на фортепіано в сусідній кімнаті.

10. Я не можу дозволити, щоб таке сталось.

2) Finish the sentences using the infinitive and translate the sentences into English:

1. Dick is always the first (жалітися) when anything goes wrong.

2. The captain was the last person (покидати) the sinking ship.

3. Who was the last (пішов з) the building on Friday?

4. Douglas isnt the man (залякати) easily.

5. There is some packing (зробити).

6. There was nothing (видно) in the passage.

7. There is nothing (боятися).

8. Ive got kids (турбуватися).

9. He had no home (піти).

10. Here is the problem for you (вирішити).

Lesson 17

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

CD-ROM

A CD-ROM is the same size, and works in the same way, as an audio compact disc. On one side of the CD-ROM are tiny pits and flat spaces that represent 0s and 1s. A laser device uses a beam of light to `read the disc, producing bit charges. Most new PCs have a built-in CD-ROM drive to play the discs.

A standard CD-ROM can store about 650 megabytes, roughly equivalent to 325000 pages of double-spaced typewritten text. Because of their high capacity, CD-ROMs are the primary means of distributing multimedia programs. Such programs combine several forms of information-text, illustration, animation, and sound.

A kind of optical disc called the DVD appeared in 1996. A DVD is the same size as a CD-ROM but can store much more information. A DVD stores data on one or more sides. Capacities range to a total of 17 gigabytes for storage on both sides. The DVD requires a special drive, which can also play CD-ROMs.

Yet another kind of storage disc, called a platter. Works like a CD-ROM, but is much larger and can hold many gigabytes of data.

Platters are expensive, so most of them are used by businesses, government agencies, and institutions for storing large databases.

Tape drives, that is used to store data works in much the same way as audio cassette tapes. Tape drives are much slower than disc drives are. The main use of type drives for file storage is to back up information stored oh hard discs.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Works in the same way; an audio compact disc; flat spaces; a laser device; producing bit charges; to play the discs; roughly equivalent; high capacity; combine several forms; storage disc.

3. Use the correct form of Past Simple or Continuous in the following sentences:

1. The film wasnt very good. I (not, enjoy) it very much. 2. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I (not, disturb) her. 3. I was very tired, so I (go) to bed early. 4. The bed was very uncomfortable. I (not, sleep) very well. 5. Sue wasnt hungry, so she (not, eat) anything. 6. We went to Kates house but she (not, be) at home. She (study) at the library. 7. They (have) dinner from 2 to 3. 8. It was a funny situation but nobody (laugh). 9. The window was open and bird (fly) into and out of the room. 10. The hotel wasnt very expensive. It (not, cost) very much.

4. Find out which form- Present Simple or Present continuous should be used in the following sentences:

1. He (play) tennis on Monday afternoon. 2. She (go) to the dentist on Tuesday morning. 3. They (have) dinner with Ann on Friday. 4. What (you, do) on Sunday evening? I (go) to the theater. 5. What time (Cathy, arrive) tomorrow? At 10.30. I (meet) her at the station. 6. I (not, work) tomorrow, so we can go out somewhere. 7. Tan (not, play) on Saturday. Hes hurt his leg. 8. What (you, go) to do on Saturday evening?

5. Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

Shopping

Last year I was in Great Britain on an exchange students trip. On my last day in London I went shopping to Oxford Street, as it is one of the busiest trade centers in London. The shops in Great Britain are always well stocked but the prices are too high. Most of the people were wandering from one department to another looking at various articles on the counters and rails.

First I bought some souvenirs for my relatives, I bought some English books, an umbrella for my sister, a pullover for my brother and a woolen skirt for my mother. Then I made some purchases for myself. In the shoe department I tried on a pair of shoes. They were not too expensive and looked great. Unfortunately, they pinched a little, so I asked for another pair, a size larger. The shoes were just my size and I took them. Then I bought a raincoat, which fitted me perfectly and was very much in the latest style. I also wanted to buy a shirt for my father but the one I liked very much was too loud for him in my opinion. I found it hard to choose a scarf as there was a great variety of them and I was at a loss which one to take. I also bought some souvenirs for my friends in the souvenirs department. So, it was a great shopping day for me.

6. Language work:

1) Read and write the following cardinal; numerals:

- 3; 13; 30; 4; 14; 40; 5; 15; 50; 2; 12; 20; 8; 18; 80.

- 21; 82; 35; 44; 33; 55; 96; 67; 79; 41; 53; 22.

- 143; 258; 414; 331; 972; 205; 101; 557; 999; 313.

- 1 582; 7 111; 3 013; 5 612; 2 003; 9 444; 4040.

- 15 500; 57 837; 45 971; 92 017; 65 331; 11 443.

-235 142; 978 218; 106 008; 321 103; 627 344; 552 331.

-1 352 846; 4 125 963; 35 756 394; 257 382 761.

2) Form, read and write ordinal numerals from the following:

a) 7; 4; 8; 9; 5; 12; 3; 2; 1; 13; 15; 11; 10.

b) 20; 21; 30; 32; 40; 43; 50; 54; 60; 75; 80; 98.

c) 100; 120; 125; 200; 230; 231; 300; 450; 563; 892.

Lesson 18

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Computer Networks

The communication of data over telephone lines and by radio is one of the most important and influential uses of computers. Using modems, people can send texts and graphic files, exchange messages, and search databases over worldwide computer networks. As more of the worlds information is digitized, more people seek access to the global `digital library. The combination of computers, modems, databases, and communications lines has become known as the information superhighway.

The World Wide Web consists of tens of millions of documents, databases, bulletin boards, and electronic publications, such as newspapers, books, and magazines. Much of the information has been converted from print into digital form, but even more has been created specifically for the Web.

Every site on the Internet-whether a World Wide Web site or not-has a computer address is known as the sites uniform resource locator (URL). Using software that connects to the Internet-called navigation or browser software-a computer operator can select a URL that contains information the operator wishes to examine. The computer then contacts that address, making the information available to the operator.

Computers can connect to the Internet through local access providers, computer services that operate in most communities. The user pays the provider a monthly fee. To gain access to the Internet, the user contacts the provider via modem. The provider then connects the user to the Internet.

On-line services are commercial computer networks to which subscribers pay monthly or hourly fees. The largest on-line services have millions of subscribers. Most services provide news, bulletin boards, databases, games, software libraries, and other features, often including Internet access.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Communication; telephone lines; using modems; exchange messages; search databases; worldwide computer networks; information is digitized; seek access; information superhighway; a computer operator.

3. Use the correct form of Past Simple or Continuous in the following sentences:

1. Who (cook) the cakes when Sue (phone)? 2. I dont want to go to the zoo today because it is raining. The same thing happened yesterday. I (want, not) to go to the zoo because it (rain). 3. I (call) Roger last night, but he (be, not) at home. He (play) tennis. 4. He (cry) a lot when he was a baby. 5. I often see Mike. I (see) him again only yesterday. 6. As teenagers, we always (understand) each other very well. We still understand each other. 7. I hardly (know) Rays wife. Did you know her at all? 8. We always meet on Sunday. We (meet) last Sunday from 5 to 7 oclock. 9. I often find things on the beach. I (find) this very old bottle yesterday. 10. Someones always leaving that window open. Who (leave) it open last time?

4. Find out which form- Present Simple or Present continuous should be used in the following sentences:

1. The train (leave) Plymouth at 11.30 and (arrive) in London at 14.45. 2. What time (the film, begin)? 3. It (be) Wednesday tomorrow. 4. I (start) my new job on Monday. 5. What time (you, finish) work tomorrow? 6. What time (you, meet) Ann tomorrow. 7. What time (you, leave) tomorrow? 8. What time (the train, leave) tomorrow? 8. I (go) to the cinema this evening. 9. The film (start) at 8.15 this evening.

5. Language work:

1) Answer the following questions:

1. How much is 17 plus 19?

2. How much is 25 plus 32?

3. How much is 120 plus 205?

4. How much is 13 minus 4?

5. How much is 200 minus 45?

6. How much s 7 multiplied by 8?

7. How much is 42 divided by 6?

2) Read and write out in words the following common and decimal fractions:

a) 1/7; 1/5; 1/9; 1/3; 1/12; 1/15; 1/25; 3/8; 2/5; 4/7; 9/23; ѕ; 5/9; 1 3/40; 1 3/5; 2 5/7; 5 1/3; 4 1/6.

b) 3.5; 2.34; 12.3; 52.51; 0.1; 0.25; 0.302; 132.054; 5.37; 6.4.

Lesson 19

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

The Computer Industry

The manufacture, development, sales, and servicing of computer hardware and software make up one of the largest industries in the world. The United States has the worlds largest computer industry, employing more than 2 million people. The United States also have more computers than any other country. Japan ranks second in number of computers.

Manufacturing. From a few dozen companies in the early 1960s, the computer industry has grown to more than 10 000 firms throughout the world. These companies manufacture computers and such peripheral equipment as modems and printers. They also develop and publish software and provide computer supplies, such as magnetic discs. Many companies make computer components, including processors. Others make the boards and cables used to create networks.

In the mid-1990s total annual sales of computer hardware and software in the United States exceeded 200$ billion. The largest computer manufacturer in the United States-and the world-is International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), the Hewlett-Packard Company ranks second. Other leading U.S. computer makers include Digital Equipment Corporation, Dell Computer, Apple Computer Inc., Compaq Computer Corporation, and Sun Microsystems Incorporated.

The largest computer manufacturers outside the United States are Fujitsu and NEC Corporation, both o Japan. The leading computer companies in Europe include Group Bull of France and Siemens AG of Germany. The largest software company in the Unites States and the world is Microsoft Corporation.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Manufacture; servicing of computer hardware and software; largest industries; the computer industry; peripheral equipment; publish software; magnetic discs; computer components; leading computer companies; printers.

3. Which form of Past simple or Past Continuous is correct in the following sentences:

1. It was beautiful yesterday when we went for a walk in the park. The sun (shine). The birds (sing). 2. I am sitting in class right now. I (sit) in class at this time yesterday. 3. -(You, go) out last night? - Yes, I (go) to the cinema but I (not, enjoy) the film much. 4. When (Mr. Nickolson die)? About ten years ago. 5. I (not, listen), so I missed what the teacher said. 6. They (not, invite) her to the party, so she (not, go). 7. We stayed because we (enjoy) ourselves. 8. - (You, have) time to write the letter yesterday? - No, I (do). 9. -What (you, do) at 6 o clock yesterday?- I 9not, do) anything special. 10. I work in travel agency now. Before that I (work) in shop.

4. Find out which form- Present Simple or Present continuous should be used in the following sentences:

1. I (go) to the theater this evening. 2. (The film, begin) at 3.30 or 4.30? 3. We (have) a party next Saturday. 4. The art exhibition (open) on 15 of June and (finish) on 15 August. 5. I (not, go out) this evening. 6. - (You, do) anything tomorrow morning? - No, Im free. I (stay) at home. 7. They (go) to a concert tonight. It (begin) at 7.30.

Lesson 20

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Computer Security

Many people fear that their right to privacy is threatened by the possible misuse or unauthorized disclosure of information in computer databases. Certain databases hold private and personal information, such as medical, banking or tax records. Others contain business plans or inventions that a company wishes to conceal from competitors. Still others store top-secret military information and other kinds of data important to a nations security. Laws limit the disclosure of information in databases, and operating systems are designed to prevent unauthorized entry into a computer. Many computers require a user to enter a secret password. In addition, some computer systems automatically scramble information so it can be decoded by authorized personnel. But, computer crimes still occur. Industrial spies and thieves often use telephone lines to gain access to computers. Some of these criminals steal or change the information in a computer database. Others steal money by transferring funds electronically. In the late 1980s computer experts became aware of a dangerous type of program called a computer virus. A computer virus s designed to do mischief, sometimes by deleting or changing information and sometimes by simply inserting a message. A virus can enter a computers operating system via a modem, a floppy disc, or a CD-ROM. A virus can spread through a network. Antivirus programs are available to prevent viruses.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Fear; right to privacy; threatened; possible misuse; certain databases; personal information; contain; to conceal from competitors; top-secret military information; automatically scramble information.

3. Which form of Past simple or Past Continuous is correct in the following sentences:

1. He (work) in the garden all weekend. 2. We (invite) them to our party but they (decide) not to come. 13. The police (stop) me on my way home last night. 4. She (pass) her examination from 6 to 7 yesterday. 5. I (be) angry because they (be) late. 6. Jack and Sue (constantly, improve) their farm before they moved. 7. (The weather, be) good when you (be) on holiday? 8. They werent able to come because they (be) so busy.

4. Find out which form- Present Simple or Present continuous should be used in the following sentences:

1. Excuse me. What time (this train, get) to Moscow? 2. Im bored with this film. When (it, finish)? 3. My wife has an appointment with the doctor. She (see) dr. Mike next Tuesday. 4. Sam has already made his plans. He (leave) at noon tomorrow. 5. What (you, go) to do this afternoon? After lunch I (meet0 a friend of mine. We (go) shopping. 6. The museum (open) at ten tomorrow morning. 7. Classes (begin) next week. 8. Johns plane (arrive) at 6.05 p.m. next Monday. 9. I (take) four courses next semester. 10. My brothers birthday is next week. I (give) him a sweater.